ubuntu learning-認識工作目錄

今天在看ubuntu聖經....看到的,感覺常常會用到,尤其在移動資料的時候,所以就來一起認識一下吧,不過都是英文有些我不知道怎麼翻譯....請見諒
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@ /: As the top-level directory of a Linux system, this directory must exist so that other directories can be located within it.~也就是根目錄拉,在一開始安裝的時候,要設定ext3 or 其他格式時,要加的/,管轄所有 Linux 系統目錄和檔案
@ /bin: A directory that holds core applications used by a Linux system.
binary 放置操作系統所需各種指令程式

擺放一些執行檔，如基本的程式 ls、mv、rm、mkdir、rmdir，基本的壓縮、解壓縮工具如 gzip、gunzip、tar，基本的網路工具 telnet、ftp 等等可執行程式。而基本上 /bin 目錄裡面的檔案一般都和 /usr/bin 連結，也 就是說 /bin 和 /usr/bin 這兩個目錄存放的檔案幾乎是完全一樣的。

@ /dev: A directory that holds special files, known as device nodes, which are used to access any devices that are attached to your Linux system.~就是你有其他硬體裝置,像USB,通常就會跑出這個,諸如此類的.device 存放周邊代號檔案，如：/dev/hda1、/dev/fd0
@ /etc: A directory that holds system configuration information, contains the files that explain the sequence of applications that execute on a Linux system as part of its boot process, and stores configuration files for some of the applications that are executed by a Linux system.
系統設定管理相關檔案.

幾乎所有系統設定檔案都放在這個目錄，要修改設定檔之前，最好都先備份比較好，否則修改不好或錯誤可能會造成系統運作不正常。

這裡的設定檔對系統管理者非常的重要，最好能夠了解這些設定檔與系統之間的對應關係。

@ /lib: A directory that holds libraries of functions that can be called by other applications.
@ /proc: A directory in which the Linux kernel tracks active processes and general status
information.放置共用函式庫

Linux 執行或編譯程式時，都需要某些函式庫（Library），而這個目錄就是擺放一些共享程式庫的檔案，供系統使用者使用。

@ /sbin: A directory containing applications that are usually executed only by the superuser.
系統啟動需執行的程式

放置一些系統管理的程式，如：fdisk、mke2fs、mkswap、mount 等程式。

@ /sys: A directory in which the Linux kernel tracks the status of system hardware and related hardware interfaces.
@ /tmp: A directory that holds temporary files created by various applications on a running system. 這應該不用多說吧....暫存檔..
You will find these standard directories on most Linux systems, regardless of the type of distribution or the size of the disk they are using.Other Common Directories on Linux Systems
Depending on the number of files you’ve installed on your system and its layout, you will probably find several other directories on any Linux system. Some other commonly used directories on Linux systems are the following:
@ /home: A directory that holds the subdirectories where different users store their files. For example,most (if not all) of the files owned by the user “wvh” are stored in the /home/wvh directory(or subdirectories of that directory). The directories used by individual users to store their personal files are known as their “home directories”—this name led to user directories being stored in /home, not the other way around. On older Unix and Unix-like systems, users’ home directories were stored under /usr (pronounced “slash user”), but are now created under /home to simplify system upgrades.使用者的家目錄或預設 Web 及 Ftp 預設的目錄,通常系統上所有使用者的家目錄都放在這個目錄底下.
@ /opt: A directory typically used when installing third-party software. This directory takes its name from the idea that it contains “optional” (i.e., non-system) software that may differ across different machines.
@ /usr: A directory hierarchy that contains files meant to be used by normal users as they use a Linux system. The directory /usr/bin contains applications that users may need to execute,/usr/lib contains libraries used by those programs, and so on.
@ /var: A directory that holds other directories with variable content. For example, the directory/var/log contains log files for system applications and events. These log files are created while a system is running, and can grow very large over time.
用一個圖來簡單的表示吧^^~

/	管轄所有 Linux 系統目錄和檔案
/bin	binary 放置操作系統所需各種指令程式，如：ls、rm
/boot	系統啟動所需檔案，包含核心在內
/dev	device 存放周邊代號檔案，如：/dev/hda1、/dev/fd0
/etc	系統設定管理相關檔案，如：/etc/fstab、/etc/inetd.conf
/etc/rc.d	存放開機或關機執行的 script 檔
/etc/X11	X Window System 設定檔案存放位置
/home	使用者的家目錄或預設 Web 及 Ftp 預設的目錄
/lib	lib放置共用函式庫
/lib/modules	存放系統核心模組，如網路卡和光碟機的驅動模組
/lost+found	檔案發生錯誤時，Linux 會嘗試修復
/misc	miscellany 供管理者亂放東東
/mnt	預設的外掛周邊目錄
/proc	process 供執行程式讀取訊息，裡面的檔案是不存在的
/root	系統管理者的家目錄
/sbin	系統啟動需執行的程式，如：lilo
/tmp	供全部使用者暫時存在臨時資訊，一般程式產生的臨時檔案也是放在此處
/usr	內包含多個子目錄，存放系統指令或訊息資訊
/usr/bin	和 /bin 一樣，也是此處存放的一般使用者也可使用
/usr/doc	存放各種文件，如程式的安裝方式及範例
/usr/include
/usr/info
/usr/lib
/usr/local
/usr/man	和
/usr/sbin	存放管理者使用程式【二進位檔】
/usr/src	Linux 原始碼存放位置
/usr/X11R6	X Window System 程式存放位置
/var	Linux 執行時需要暫時紀錄部分資料或存放暫時檔，都放置在此，如：Linux 開機過程、系統執行程式 PID 紀錄

請不要罵我說早點放這個就好啦...我想秀一下英文咩A_A.